Modifications in self-care, quality of life and therapeutic adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic treated by telehealth

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, causing pain and stiffness in the joints. SARS-CoV-2 increases the clinical vulnerability of the population with RA and has led to the implementation and/or development of telemedicine. Objective: To describe changes in level of therapeutic adherence, quality of life and capacity for self-care agency, during the follow-up period of a group of patients linked to a non-face-to-face multidisciplinary consultation model during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methodology: Descriptive cohort study (July to October 2020). Description of the level of therapeutic adherence (Morisky Green Test), quality of life (EuroQOL-5-Dimensions-3-Level-version) and self-care capacity (ASA-R Scale) in the context of a telehealth model. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed (Stata Software, Considered p-value <0.05). Results: Of 71 patients treated under the telehealth model, 85.9% were women, the age range was between 33 and 86 years with a median of 63. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (35.2%). Quality of life did not change during follow-up nor did adherence to treatment, apart from in one item [the patients did not stop taking the medication when they were well (p = 0.029)]. In self-care capacity, there were significant improvements in five dimensions (p < 0.05), without significant differences in the global score. Conclusion: Patients with RA evaluated in the context of telehealth in a period of pandemic did not present significant changes in quality of life, adherence to treatment, or capacity for self-care, and remained close to baseline values when they attended a traditional face-to-face assessment.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por una inflamación crónica que produce dolor y rigidez articular. El SARS-CoV-2 aumenta la vulnerabilidad clínica en pacientes con AR, lo que ha conllevado la implementación o el desarrollo de la telesalud. OBJETIVO: Describir los cambios en el nivel de adherencia terapéutica, la calidad de vida y la capacidad de autocuidado durante el periodo de seguimiento, en un grupo de pacientes con AR vinculados con un modelo de consulta multidisciplinar no presencial, en el curso de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de cohorte descriptiva (julio a octubre del 2020). Descripción del nivel de adherencia terapéutica (TEST MORISKY GREEN), calidad de vida (EUROQOL-5-DIMENSIONS-3-LEVEL-VERSION) y capacidad de autocuidado (Escala ASA-R) en el contexto de un modelo de telesalud. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado (SOFTWARE Stata®, valor de p considerado <0,05). RESULTADOS: De 71 pacientes atendidos en modalidad de telesalud, el 85,9% fueron mujeres, la mediana de la edad fue de 63 (33-86) anos. La comorbilidad más prevalente fue la hipertensión (35,2%). La calidad de vida no tuvo cambios durante el seguimiento, al igual que la adherencia al tratamiento, excepto en uno de los ítems (los pacientes no dejaron de tomar la medicación cuando se encontraban bien; p = 0,029). En la capacidad de autocuidado hubo mejoras significativas en 5 dimensiones (p < 0,05), sin diferencias significativas en el puntaje global. CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con AR evaluados en el contexto de la telesalud, en un periodo de pandemia, no presentaron cambios significativos en la calidad de vida, la adherencia al tratamiento y la capacidad de autocuidado; se mantuvieron en niveles similares a los valores basales cuando asistían a valoración tradicional presencial.

O ambiente inflamatório e os acometimentos de saúde em pessoas em idades relacionadas à menopausa e à andropausa / The inflammatory environment and health involvments in persons in ages related to menopause and andropause

Introdução: O aumento da expectativa de vida da população faz com que as pessoas passem a viver por mais tempo com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Dentre as mulheres, as fases da vida que mais se destacam pelos acometimentos em saúde são aquelas relacionadas à menopausa; além do risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica (SM), há destaque para os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e as doenças articulares (DA). Já entre os homens, uma vez que a andropausa não é tão claramente identificada como a menopausa, acaba-se atribuindo essa ocorrência à idade e às baixas concentrações séricas de testosterona. Todavia, em ambos os sexos, um processo de inflamação sistêmica crônica e de baixo grau (ISBG) tem sido apontado como um importante fator associado ao desenvolvimento e agravo de todas as condições acima mencionadas. A ISBG decorre de alterações próprias do envelhecimento no sistema imune (SI), particularmente a imunossenescência, mas também por outros fatores externos ao SI, em especial as modificações na gordura corporal e no ambiente intestinal. Nesse contexto, estudar a relação e fatores associados a essas condições permite o delineamento de estratégias de intervenção em saúde. Objetivos: Investigar, em pessoas a partir 40 anos de idade, a prevalência e as associações entre desfechos em saúde relacionados a DCNT, incluindo fatores relacionados à ISBG. Métodos: O presente estudo, que consistiu na elaboração de três manuscritos, foi desenvolvido a partir de dados do Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo de 2015, um estudo transversal, de base populacional e com amostra representativa dos moradores da área urbana do município de São Paulo. No primeiro manuscrito, foi investigada a associação entre a presença de TMC, DA, Índice de massa corporal (IMC) e outras doenças crônicas. As análises incluíram também dados sociodemográficos (idade, escolaridade, raça/etnia); essas associações foram testadas por modelos de regressão logística múltipla. No segundo manuscrito foram testadas as associações entre TMC e DA com o potencial inflamatório da dieta (identificado a partir do cálculo do Índice Inflamatório da Dieta), o nível de atividade física (utilizando o International Physical Activity Questionnaire- IPAq) classificado conforme recomendação da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a presença de outras doenças crônicas e o IMC. As análises também incluíram variáveis sociodemográficas (faixa etária, escolaridade, raça/etnia). O terceiro manuscrito consistiu em uma subamostra não representativa do banco de dados do estudo ISA, com participantes que tiveram a composição corporal avaliada por DEXA (raios-x de dupla energia), de onde se obteve a massa magra apendicular e o total de gordura corporal. Foi também avaliada a força de preensão manual, que determina a qualidade do músculo esquelético. Foi realizada a dosagem de marcadores inflamatórios (TNF-α) e de permeabilidade intestinal (LPS, zonulina e iFABP). Ainda, esses participantes tiveram realizadas as dosagens de HDL-c plasmático, glicemia de jejum e triacilglicerol, além das medidas de pressão arterial. Esses parâmetros foram utilizados para a classificação da síndrome metabólica (SM). As associações, mediações e direções entre essas variáveis foram testadas a partir de modelos generalizados de equações estruturais. Principais Resultados: Manuscrito 1. A prevalência de TMC entre as mulheres investigadas no estudo esteve entre 26,9% e 38,0%, a de DA ficou entre 18,7% e 31,1%. Foram encontradas associações entre TMC e DA (OR = 1,998; p<0,001), idade entre 56 e 60 anos (OR= 0,542; p=0,018), e a presença de três diagnósticos de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (OR= 2,696; p= 0,027). Manuscrito 2. Avaliando simultaneamente as associações entre TCM, DA, potencial inflamatório da dieta, e o nível de atividade física, observou-se que as associações entre TMC, DA e número de diagnósticos de outras doenças crônicas foram mantidas, e o maior tercil do escore do índice inflamatório da dieta se mostrou positivamente associado a presença de TCM (OR=2,240; p=0,006). O nível de atividade física não apresentou significância, porém permaneceu ajustando os modelos. Manuscrito 3. A síndrome metabólica foi identificada em 45,8% dos participantes, e associações diretas foram observadas entre TNF-α e massa gorda corporal, e entre a permeabilidade intestinal e a massa muscular apendicular. Conclusões: Os resultados aqui apresentados confirmaram uma associação significativa entre transtornos mentais e aspectos inflamatórios, representados pela presença de doenças articulares e outras doenças crônicas, além do potencial inflamatório da dieta. A atividade física mostrou uma associação marginal protetora em relação à inflamação sistêmica e consequentemente aos transtornos mentais. Finalmente, componentes da composição corporal, massa gorda e massa magra apendicular, se mostraram diretamente associados a marcadores inflamatórios e a presença de síndrome metabólica.

Background: The increase in population life expectancy allows individuals to live longer time periods with noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Among women, the life phases that stand out the most by the health compliment are those related to menopause, with emphasis to the common mental disorders (CMD), and the joint diseases (JD), and an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome presentation. Among men, once andropause is not as clearly identified as menopause, the occurrence of these conditions is attributed to age and to the low level of circulating testosterone. The called low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI) has been pointed as an important factor associated to the development and worsening of all the mentioned conditions. The LGSI results from the immune system (IS) proper alterations, but also from factor aside IS, especially the body fat and gut environment changes. In this context, investigating the relations and factors associated to those conditions allows designing health intervention strategies. Aims: To investigate, in persons aged 40+ years old, the prevalence and associations between CMD related outcomes, with emphasis on the factors associated to the LGSI. Methods: The present study, which is constituted of three manuscript elaboration, was developed from data of the 205 Health Survey of São Paulo, a population-based cross-sectional study, with representative sample of urban residents of the city of São Paulo. In the first manuscript, associations of CMD, JD, and other chronic conditions, and body mass index (BMI), were investigated. The analysis also included sociodemographic data (age, schooling, race/ethnicity); these associations were testes by multiple logistic regression models. In the second manuscript, associations were tested between CMD and JD, with the inflammatory potential of the diet (identified from the Dietary Inflammatory Index calculation), the leisure physical activity level [classified according to WHO (World Health Organization) proposition using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire- IPAq], the presence of other chronic conditions and BMI. Analysis also included sociodemographic variables (age intervals, schooling, race/ethnicity). Third manuscript consisted of a sub-sample, which was not representative of the Health Survey of São Paulo, with participants who had their body composition evaluated by DXA (dual energy x-ray), from which appendicular muscle mass and total body fat were obtained. Also, handgrip strength, that determinate skeletal muscle quality, was evaluated. Inflammatory (TNF-α) and gut permeability (LPS, zonulin and iFABP) were evaluated. Yet, these participants had plasmatic HDL-c, fasting blood glucose and triacylglycerol, and arterial blood pressure evaluated. These parameters were used for the metabolic syndrome (MS) classification. Associations, mediations, and directions among those variables were tested by Generalized Structural Equation Models. Main results: Manuscript 1. The prevalence of CMD among investigated women was found between 26.9% and 38.0%, and from 18.7% to 31.1% for JD. Associations were found between CMD and DA (OR= 1.998; p<0.0001), age from 56 to 60 years old (OR= 0.542; p=0,018), and the presence of the diagnostics of three chronic conditions other than JD (OR= 2.696; p=0.027). Manuscript 2. Simultaneously evaluating the associations between CMD, JD, and dietary inflammatory potential, physical activity level, and the number of other chronic conditions diagnosis, and the higher dietary inflammatory index score presented positively associated to the presence of CMD (OR= 2.240; p=0.006). Physical activity level did not present significant associations, but it adjusted the models. Manuscript 3. Metabolic Syndrome was identified in 45.8% of the participants, and direct associations were observed between TNF-α and body fat mass, and from gut permeability and the appendicular muscle mass. Conclusions: The here presented results confirm a significant association between common mental disorders and inflammatory aspects, represented by the presence of joint diseases and other chronic conditions, and also the dietary inflammatory potential. Physical activity presented marginal protective association in relation to systemic inflammation, and consequently to common mental disorders. Finally, body composition components, body fat and appendicular muscle mass, were directly associated to inflammatory markers and to the presence of metabolic syndrome.

Evaluación de resultados del tratamiento aplicado a adultos mayores con entidades del SOMA en Sala de Rehabilitación Integral / Evaluation of the results of the treatment applied to older adults with OMAS entities in the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Room

RESUMEN Introducción: el paciente anciano está expuesto a múltiples problemáticas con el envejecimiento que van a condicionar en gran manera su independencia y que de forma obligatoria hay que conocer y tratar de solucionar. Objetivo: evaluar el resultado del tratamiento aplicado a adultos mayores con entidades del sistema osteomioarticular en sala de rehabilitación integral. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de tipo longitudinal de los todos los pacientes de 60 y más años, que acudieron al Centro de rehabilitación integral, quedando la muestra constituida por 920 pacientes tratados en el período comprendido entre enero y diciembre de 2007 con enfermedades del Soma. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (59 %) en el grupo de edades de 60 a 69 años (48%). Las afecciones ortopédicas fueron las más frecuentes con el 64 % y dentro de estas, la periartritis escapulo humeral. La electroterapia fue el tratamiento más utilizado (38,4%) de los casos. Dentro de los síntomas que presentaron estos pacientes el que más frecuente se encontró fue el de alteraciones en las funciones tanto al inicio y como posterior al tratamiento aplicado. El 93% de los pacientes resultaron rehabilitados, siendo el 86 % los evaluados de excelente al final de tratamiento aplicado. Conclusiones: los resultados en la atención al adulto mayor fueron excelentes en la gran mayoría de los casos con la aplicación del tratamiento rehabilitador (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: the elder patient is exposed to multiple problems with ageing that will greatly condition their independence and that we will necessarily have to know and try to solve, using all the available resources within our reach. Objective: to assess the result of the treatment applied to older adults with entities of the osteomyoarticular system in the comprehensive rehabilitation room. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal study of all the patients aged 60 years and over who attended the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center was carried out, intentionally the sample stayed formed by 920 patients treated in the period between January and December 2007 with diseases of the OMAS. Results: female sex predominated (59%) in the age group of 60 to 69 years (48%). Orthopedic conditions were the most frequent with 64% and within these, scapular-humeral periarthritis. Electrotherapy was the most used treatment (38.4% of the cases). Among the symptoms that these patients presented, the most frequently found was alterations in functions both at the beginning and after the treatment applied. 93 % of the patients were rehabilitated, resulting outstanding 86 % of the assessed patients at the end pf the treatment. Conclusions: the results of elder people care was outstanding in most of the cases with the rehabilitative treatment application (AU).

Evaluation of the Radiographic Parameters of Sagittal and Spinopelvic Alignment in Patients with Osteoarthritis submitted to Total Hip Arthroplasty / Avaliação dos parâmetros radiográficos do alinhamento sagital e espinopélvico em pacientes com osteoartrite submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril

Abstract Objective To evaluate radiographic parameters of sagittal and spinopelvic alignment in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) to define the primary surgical approach in individuals with concomitant spinal and hip joint disease. Methods Longitudinal, prospective, comparative study with 27 patients undergoing THA and 43 subjects without OA. Results An association between hip and spine degenerative disease in patients with OA was noted. After THA, radiographic parameters of pelvic tilt angle, sagittal vertical axis (EVS) and seventh cervical vertebra/sacrofemoral distance (C7/DSF) ratio were similar to values from volunteers without joint disease. Global coronal alignment (ACG), sagittal alignment, spinopelvic T1 and T9 tilts (IT1EP and IT9EP), sacral tilt (IS), pelvic version (VP), pelvic type and lumbopelvic complex (CLP) did not change after THA. Conclusion Among the sagittal and spinopelvic alignment parameters evaluated, the pelvic tilt angle, the EVS, and the C7/DSF ratio were corrected after THA and can guide the surgeon in the decision-making process for patients with concomitant spinal and hip joint disease. Spinal deformity may compensate for hip changes.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os parâmetros radiográficos do alinhamento sagital e espinopélvico de pacientes com osteoartrite (OA) de quadril submetidos à artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ) primária, com o intuito de definir a abordagem cirúrgica primária em pacientes com doença concomitante na coluna vertebral e na articulação do quadril. Métodos Estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, comparativo, envolvendo 27 pacientes submetidos à ATQ e 43 indivíduos sem OA. Resultados Foi observada associação entre doença degenerativa no quadril e na coluna nos pacientes com OA. Após a ATQ, os parâmetros radiográficos do ângulo da báscula da bacia, do eixo vertical sagital (EVS) e da razão de C7/DSF (sétima vértebra cervical/distância sacrofemoral) foram semelhantes aos valores dos voluntários sem doença articular. O alinhamento coronal global (ACG), o alinhamento sagital, as inclinações T1 e T9 espinopélvicas (IT1EP e IT9EP), a inclinação sacral (IS), a versão pélvica (VP), e o tipo de pelve e do complexo lombopélvico (CLP) não sofreram alteração depois da ATQ. Conclusão Dentre os parâmetros do alinhamento sagital e espinopélvico avaliados, o ângulo da báscula da bacia, o EVS e a razão C7/DSF foram corrigidos após a ATQ e podem orientar o cirurgião na tomada de decisão para pacientes com doença concomitante na coluna vertebral e na articulação do quadril. A deformidade da coluna pode ser compensatória às alterações do quadril.

Clinical and immunological features of post-chikungunya virus chronic arthritis and its effect on functional ability and quality of life in a cohort of Colombian patients / Caracterización clínica e inmunológica de la artropatía crónica por virus chikungunya y su relación con discapacidad funcional y afectación de la calidad de vida en una cohorte de pacientes colombianos

ABSTRACT Introduction: Post-chikungunya virus (CHIKV) chronic arthritis is a common complication of the acute infection caused by this virus, with high risk of progression to functional and quality of life sequelae. Objective: To identify the clinical and immunological characteristics, functional disabilities, and quality of life decline in a sample of Colombian patients with chronic arthropathy associated with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Methods: A group of 94 patients was evaluated in a City in Colombia during the CHIKV epidemics from 2014 to 2015. Results: The mean age of the 94 patients was 57 years; 76% were women, and 100% came from low socioeconomic groups. Typically, the joint disease was symmetrical, with joint swelling present in 30% of the cases, mostly involving the small and large joints of the upper limbs. Rheumatoid factor was positive in 1.06% and anti-citrulline antibodies in 0%. There were detectable levels of IL6 in 64.9%, and IL 17 in 7.45% of the patients. The severity of disease activity was determined using the DAS28 score, identifying 55.3% with moderate activity, 40.4% with mild activity, and 4.2% with high activity. The HAQ-DI identified a moderate functional limitation in 45.7% of the cases, with a mean score of 1.02. The quality of life measured with the SF-36 scale showed that all of the domains evaluated were affected but pain and the physical and emotional domains were significantly more affected. Conclusions: Patients with post-chikungunya chronic arthritis, presented in most cases arthralgia, arthritis, functional impairment, and poor quality of life. It is then necessary to adopt comprehensive therapeutic measures for a sound intervention of this pathology.

RESUMEN Introducción: La artropatía por virus de chikungunya (CHIKV) es una complicación frecuente secundaria a la infección inicial por este virus con un alto riesgo de progresión a secuelas funcionales y de calidad de vida. Objetivo: Identificar las características clínicas, inmunológicas, de discapacidad funcional y de deterioro de la calidad de vida en una muestra de pacientes colombianos con artropatía crónica por CHIKV. Métodos: Se evaluó un grupo de 94 pacientes en una ciudad colombiana durante la epidemia por CHIKV en el periodo 2014-2015. Resultados: En los 94 pacientes la edad media fue de 57 años, siendo el 76% mujeres y el 100% de la población afectada perteneció a estratos socioeconómicos bajos. El cuadro articular característicamente fue simétrico con inflamación articular en el 30%, mayor compromiso de articulaciones grandes y pequeñas de miembros superiores. Se identificó positividad para factor reumatoide en el 1,06%, anticuerpos anticitrulina en el 0%, niveles detectables de IL-6 en el 64,9% y de IL-17 en el 7,45% de los pacientes. La severidad de la actividad articular se exploró con la escala DAS28, identificando un 55,3% con actividad moderada, un 40,4% actividad leve y un 4,2% con actividad alta. El HAQ-DI identificó un compromiso funcional moderado en el 45,7%, con puntaje medio de 1,02. La calidad de vida medida con la escala SF-36 mostró que todos los dominios evaluados fueron afectados con mayor compromiso de los dominios dolor, rol físico y rol emocional. Conclusiones: En los pacientes afectados por artropatía crónica por CHIKV se observó artralgias, artritis, deterioro funcional y de la calidad de vida en la mayoría de la población estudiada, por lo que es necesario adoptar medidas terapéuticas en todos estos niveles para una intervención adecuada en esta patología.

Evaluación de fugas extrarticulares del Fosfato crómico marcado con Fósforo-32 de producción nacional en pacientes hemofílicos / Evaluation of joint leakage of national Chromic Phosphate labeled with Phosphorus-32 in hemophilic patients

La radiosinoviortesis como tratamiento de la artropatía hemofílica, frecuentemente, ofrece excelentes resultados, al reducir grandemente el número de episodios de sangramiento y evitar daños ulteriores a las articulaciones. El Centro de Isótopos desarrolló el fosfato crómico coloidal marcado con Fósforo-32, producto listo para su empleo en pacientes hemofílicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la fuga extrarticular de este radiofármaco utilizado en la radiosinoviortesis en pacientes hemofílicos. Se determinó el porcentaje de fuga extrarticular del radiofármaco en 9 pacientes hemofílicos con sinovitis crónica, a los que se les realizó la radiosinoviortesis en la articulación de la rodilla. La radiactividad se midió, con un contador Geiger-Muller, sobre la rodilla tratada, en sus aspectos lateral, encima y medial; la rodilla contralateral; las cadenas linfáticas inguinales, de ambos lados, y el hígado. Los valores de fuga encontrados posteriormente a la inyección fueron 0,0046 por ciento a los 10 min; 0,0023 por ciento a las 24 horas; 0,1332 por ciento el día 7 y 4,0213 por ciento el día 30. Estos resultados coinciden con los valores comunicados por otros autores y con lo esperado de acuerdo a las características del producto, indican que se ejecutó el proceder adecuadamente y que los pacientes fueron seleccionados correctamente(AU)

Radiosynoviorthesis as a treatment for hemophilic arthropathy often offers excellent results, greatly reducing the number of bleeding episodes and avoiding further damage to the joints. The Isotope Center developed a product, Colloidal Chromic Phosphate labeled with Phosphorus-32, ready for use in hemophiliac patients. Our objective was to evaluate the joint leakage of this radiopharmaceutical use in radiosynoviorthesis in hemophilic patients. The percentage of radiopharmaceutical joint leakage was evaluated in 9 hemophilic patients with chronic synovitis, who underwent radiosynoviorthesis in the knee joint. The radioactivity was measured on the treated knee, in its lateral, above and medial aspects, the contralateral knee, the inguinal lymphatic chains of both sides and the liver, with a Geiger-Muller detector. The leakage values 8203;​found after the injection were 0.0046 percent at 10 minutes, 0.0023 percent at 24 hours, 0.1332 percent on day 7 and 4.0213 percent on day 30. These results are agreed with the values reported by other authors and with was expected according to the characteristics of the product, indicatate that the procedure was executed properly and that the patients were correctly selected(AU)

Afectación articular en un paciente joven con enfermedad de Still del adulto: a propósito de un caso / Joint involvement in a young patient with adult Still's disease: in relation to a case

Introducción: La enfermedad de Still del adulto es una enfermedad reumática, inflamatoria, sistémica y crónica que generalmente comienza sobre los 40 años de edad, pero puede aparecer en edades más tempranas. Se caracteriza por gran variedad de manifestaciones generales, articulares, fiebre y rash principalmente. Etiopatogénicamente, el proceso inflamatorio crónico que se genera durante el curso de la enfermedad es el responsable de las manifestaciones clínicas y del daño articular que se produce. Objetivo: dar a conocer los elementos básicos para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Still del adulto. Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino, de 21 años de edad, que acude a consulta con manifestaciones clínicas que permiten realizar el diagnóstico de una Enfermedad de Still del Adulto. Conclusiones: La enfermedad de Still del Adulto, a pesar de no tener un patrón de deformidades tan amplio como la artritis reumatoide, también produce daño articular que puede comprometer la función de la articulación afectada. Resulta importante identificar precozmente las manifestaciones clínicas que hacen sospechar su diagnóstico para minimizar, retrasar o prevenir la afectación de las articulaciones(AU)

Introduction: adult Still's disease is a rheumatic, inflammatory, systemic and chronic disease that usually begins around 40 years of age, but may appear at younger ages. It is characterized by a great variety of general, joint, fever and rash manifestations. Etiopathogenically, the chronic inflammatory process that is generated during the course of the disease is responsible for the clinical manifestations and joint damage that occurs. Objective: to present the basic elements for the diagnosis of adult Still's disease. Clinical case: the case of a male patient, 21 years of age, who comes to the clinic with clinical manifestations that allow the diagnosis of an Adult Still's Disease. Conclusions: adult Still's disease, despite not having a pattern of deformities as extensive as rheumatoid arthritis, also produces joint damage that can compromise the function of the affected joint. It is important to identify early clinical manifestations that make your diagnosis suspect to minimize, delay or prevent the involvement of the joints(AU)

Los significados construidos del envejecimiento positivo en la participación ocupacional de adultas mayores con patologías articulares / The meanings constructed from the positive aging in the occupational participation of older adults with articular pathologies

El envejecimiento de las población ha generado un aumento de adultos mayores, donde gran porcentaje de éstos son mujeres. También se han incrementado las enfermedades crónicas, siendo más frecuentes en este rango etario las patologías articulares, que impactan la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida, contribuyendo a la creencia de mitos en torno a la vejez. No obstante, esta visión cambiaría debido a la creación de una propuesta política gubernamental, la de Envejecimiento Positivo orientada a la inclusión del adulto mayor en la sociedad, mejorando su calidad de vida y posicionándolo como un sujeto de derecho.La Terapia Ocupacional promueve la participación ocupacional de adultas mayores con enfermedades articulares, para que tengan un envejecimiento positivo, aunque para alcanzar ese propósito, es preciso analizar el significado construido que tienen estas personas sobre dicho concepto, por esto se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a 4 mujeres entre 61 y 68 años de edad, cuyos temas se basaron en el bienestar subjetivo, la salud, la participación social y la participación ocupacional en el tiempo libre, elementos relevantes en el envejecimiento positivo. Mediante el análisis de datos con la Teoría Fundamentada, se estudió el significado construido sobre el envejecimiento positivo, concebido por las participantes, como una educación del envejecimiento, con el fin de no depender de otros. También se visualizó el envejecimiento como sinónimo de vejez, que se vivencia como una etapa de soledad, en la que si bien, la calidad de vida no se ve afectada por éste, hay factores que influyen en ella, afectando sus capacidades motoras, por ello desarrollan principalmente ocupaciones de tiempo libre pasivas y deseos de efectuar actividades recreativas.

Population aging has generated an increase of older adults, where a large percentage of these are women. Chronic diseases have also increased, being more common in this population joint pathologies, which impact on functionality and quality of life, contributing to the belief in myths about old age. However, this vision would change, due to the creation of a governmental policy proposal such as Positive Aging, aimed to the inclusion of the elderly in society, improving their quality of life and positioning them as a subject of rights.Occupational therapy promotes occupational participation of older adults with joint diseases, so that they have a positive aging. Though, in order to achieve that purpose, it is necessary to analyze the built meaning that these people have about this concept. For this, a semi-structured interview was conducted to women between 61 and 68 years of age, whose themes were based on subjective well-being, health, social participation and occupational participation in free time, relevant elements in positive aging.Through the analysis of data with the Grounded Theory, the meaning built on positive aging, conceived by the participants, was studied. It was conceived as an education of aging, so as not to depend on others. Aging was also seen as synonymous with old age, which is experienced as a stage of loneliness, in which, although quality of life is not affected by it, there are factors that influence it, affecting their motor skills. For this reason they mainly develop passive leisure activities, with the desire to carry out recreational activities.

Infections after shoulder arthroplasty are correlated with higher anesthetic risk score: a case-control study in Brazil

ABSTRACT Purposes: Shoulder arthroplasty (SA) has been performed by many years for the treatment of several conditions, including osteoarthritis and proximal humeral fractures following trauma. Surgical site infection (SSI) following Shoulder arthroplasty remains a challenge, contributing to increased morbidity and costs. Identification of risk factors may help implementing adequate strategies to prevent infection. We aimed to identify pre- and intra-operative risk factors associated with deep infections after Shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted to describe the prevalence, clinical and microbiological findings, and to evaluate patient and surgical risk factors for prosthetic shoulder infection (PSI), among 158 patients who underwent SA due to any reason, at a tertiary public university institution. Risk factors for PSI was assessed by uni- and multivariate analyses using multiple logistic regression. Results: 168 SA from 158 patients were analyzed, with an overall infection rate of 9.5% (16/168 cases). Subjects undergoing SA with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III or higher (odds ratio [OR] = 5.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58-17.79, p < 0.013) and presenting local hematoma after surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 7.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-46.09, p = 0.04) had higher risk for PSI on univariate analysis. However, only ASA score grade III or higher remained significant on multivariate analysis (OR = 4.74, 95% CI = 1.33-16.92, p = 0.016). Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli were equally isolated in 50% of cases; however, the most commonly detected bacterium was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.7%). Conclusion: This study provides evidence suggesting that patient-related known factors such as higher ASA score predisposes to shoulder arthroplasty-associated infection. Furthermore, unusual pathogens associated with PSI were identified.

Chronic joint symptoms in adults: A population-based study / Sintomas articulares crônicos em adultos: um estudo de base populacional

Summary Objective: To analyze factors associated with chronic joint symptoms (CJS) in adults. Method: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 1,217 adults aged between 20 and 59 years, in the city of Viçosa, in 2014. The sampling process was performed by conglomerates and sample was selected using a two-stage cluster-sampling scheme. First, 30 of the 99 census tracts of Viçosa were randomly selected using a random sampling scheme, without replacement. Household questionnaires were applied to obtain CJS data, sociodemographic conditions, behavioral factors and health status. Multivariable analysis was conducted using Poisson regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect, using the svy commands in Stata software. Results: Prevalence of CJS totaled 31.27%, significantly higher in women (18.45). Age ranges 40-49 (PR 1.50; 95CI 1.16-1.92) and 50-59 years (PR 1.55; 95CI 1.07-2.25); overweight (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.28-2.00); obesity (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.11-2.29); and those who self-reported performing heavy work (PR 1.27; 95CI 1.09-1.48) showed higher prevalences of CJS. Conclusion: Women and individuals who were older, overweight and performing heavy work had a higher risk of CJS in this adult population residing in Viçosa, MG, Brazil.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados aos sintomas articulares crônicos (SAC) em adultos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.217 adultos, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, na cidade de Viçosa, MG, 2014. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados em duplo estágio, sendo as unidades de primeiro estágio os setores censitários, e, em seguida, os domicílios. Foram sorteados 30 setores dentre os 99 de Viçosa, por meio de amostragem casual simples, sem reposição. A coleta de dados foi composta por aplicação de questionário contendo questões relativas a variáveis de SAC, sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde. Para verificar as associações, apresentaram-se proporções, razões de prevalência e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson, utilizando o conjunto de comandos svy do software Stata, o qual considera o efeito da expansão da amostra na análise dos dados. Resultados: A prevalência estimada de SAC foi de 31,27%, maior nas mulheres (18,45%). Estiveram associadas ao SAC as mulheres (RP 1,49; IC95% 1,23-1,81); as idades de 40 e 49 (RP 1,50; IC95% 1,16-1,92) e 50 e 59 anos (RP 1,55; IC95% 1,07-2,25); o sobrepeso (RP 1,60; IC95% 1,28-2,00); a obesidade (RP 1,60; IC95% 1,11-2,29); e aqueles que autorreferiram realização de trabalho pesado (RP 1,27; IC95% 1,09-1,48). Conclusão: O sexo feminino, a faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, o sobrepeso, a obesidade e a realização de trabalho pesado foram fatores de risco para SAC em adultos de Viçosa, MG.

Association between sleep disorders and chronic diseases in patients of the brazilian national health system / Associação entre distúrbios do sono e doenças crônicas em pacientes do sistema único de saúde

ABSTRACT Many factors are associated with sleep disorders, causing an increase in health spending. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of sleep disorders and non-communicablechronic diseases in patients over 50 years of age, attended by Basic Health Care Units of Presidente Prudente. In total, 363 patients participated. The history of diseases was self-reported through the use of a questionnaire, the level of physical activity was evaluated by the Baecke questionnaire, and sleep quality was assessed using the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected using a stadiometer and scale; patients in the highest (75th) percentile were considered obese. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. The results showed that sleep disorders are associated with osteoporosis, arthritis/osteoarthritis, low back pain, depression, and obesity. Additionally, obesity and physical inactivity influence the occurrence of non-communicable chronic diseases.

RESUMO Inúmeros fatores estão associados aos distúrbios do sono ocasionando o aumento nos gastos com saúde. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a associação dos distúrbios do sono e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos atendidos por Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Presidente Prudente. Participaram 363 pacientes. O histórico de doenças foi auto relatada a partir da aplicação de questionário, o nível de atividade física foi verificado através do questionário de Baecke, e a qualidade do sono foi avaliada utilizando o Mini-Sleep questionnaire. Dados antropométricos e de composição corporal foram coletados utilizando estadiômetro e balança, foram considerados obesos os pacientes dentro do percentil 75. A análise estatística foi composta pelos testes t de Student, qui-quadrado, e regressão logística binária. Os resultados mostraram que o distúrbio do sono está associado as doenças osteoporose, artrite/artrose, dor lombar, depressão e obesidade. Adicionalmente obesidade e inatividade física influenciam na ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

Utilización de medicina complementaria en procesos degenerativos articulares / Use of complementary medicine in joint degenerative processes

En la clínica alopática vemos a diario el avance de nuevos tratamientos hacia diversas patologías. Sin embargo, se ha visto que en las terapias crónicas de enfermedades inflamatorias degenerativas asociadas a la edad del paciente, (gerontes) el margen terapéutico de sus medicamentos se torna cada vez más estrecho, debido a que con el paso del tiempo aparecen disfunciones orgánicas que limitan la aplicación de fármacos sintéticos, por sus efectos colaterales. Es en esta brecha donde la medicina complementaria comienza a jugar un papel importante en el arsenal terapéutico del médico veterinario. En esta tesina, se describirán tres herramientas terapéuticas dentro de las llamadas medicinas complementarias que se utilizan en la terapia de los procesos degenerativos del aparato osteoarticular y se comparará su efecto de acción con las drogas antiinflamatorias de síntesis que se usan habitualmente. Las terapias que se desarrollarán en este trabajo son: La acupuntura, la fitomedicina y la apiterapia a través de la aplicación de apitoxina.

Urticária crônica e comorbidades mais frequentemente relacionadas / Chronic urticaria and more frequently related comorbidities

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre urticária crônica e doenças sistêmicas (síndrome metabólica, artropatias, doença vascular periférica e do trato gastrintestinal). Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, de base clínica. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados por meio de prontuários de 95 pacientes, que estiveram em tratamento ambulatorial de rotina de abril de 2014 a abril de 2015, mediante assinatura de um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido pelo paciente durante suas consultas de rotina no Ambulatório de Urticária. Para analisar a associação das doenças, foi utilizado o teste estatístico qui quadrado, considerando sexo feminino e masculino, e a doença. Consideraram- se relevância estatística as relações com p abaixo de 0,05 (p<0,05). O nível de significância adotado foi de 95%. O programa utilizado foi o Stata 11.0. Resultados: Artropatias foram positivas em aproximadamente 55% das mulheres do estudo e 17% dos homens (p=0,001 e p<0,05, respectivamente). Houve significância estatística na relação entre doença vascular e urticária crônica (p=0,022 e p<0,05, respectivamente). Conclusão: Não foi encontrada associação relevante estatisticamente para afirmar que houve confiança na associação entre diabetes e urticária crônica (p=0,801 e p>0,05, respectivamente). Não se obteve relevância na relação com doenças do trato gastrointestinal (p=0,437/p>0,05). relevância na relação com doenças do trato gastrointestinal (p=0,437/p>0,05).

Objective: To evaluate the association between Chronic urticaria and systemic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, arthropathies, peripheral vascular disease, and gastrointestinal diseases. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study of clinical basis. A survey of data was performed through the medical records of 95 patients who underwent routine outpatient treatment from April 2014 to April 2015, and signed na Informed Consent during their routine appointments in the Urticaria Clinic. To analyze the diseases associations we used the statistical Chi-square test, considering male and female patients, and the disease. Relations with p lower than 0.05 (p<0.05) were considered statistically relevant. Significance level was 95%. The software used was Stata 11.0. Results: Arthropathies were positive in approximately 55% of women in the study, and 17% of men (p=0.001 and p<0.05, respectively).There was a statistically significant relationship between vascular disease and chronic urticaria (p=0.022 and p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: No statistically significant association was found to state that there was confidence in the association between diabetes and Chronic urticaria (p=0.801 and p>0.05, respectively). No relevant relation was observed with gastrointestinal diseases (p=0.437/ p>0.05).

Síndrome do impacto posterior do tornozelo: um diagnóstico que deve ser lembrado pelo reumatologista. Relato de dois casos / Posterior ankle impingement syndrome: a diagnosis rheumatologists should not forget. Two case reports

O tornozelo é sítio frequente de sintomas dolorosos em atletas e não atletas. A dor localizada na região posterior pode ser o resultado final de diversas patologias, sendo um desafio diagnóstico para o reumatologista. A síndrome do impacto (pinçamento) posterior do tornozelo, também denominada síndrome os trigonum e síndrome compressiva tibiotalar posterior, é um distúrbio clínico caracterizado por dor aguda ou crônica na região posterior do tornozelo, desencadeada pela flexão plantar forçada, que promove microtrauma crônico repetitivo. A patologia do processo os trigonum-talar é a causa mais comum dessa síndrome, mas existem outras causas, como tenossinovite do flexor longo do hálux, osteocondrite de tornozelo, doença da articulação subtalar e fratura. O diagnóstico baseia-se na história clínica e exame físico, e complementado por achados na radiografia simples (RX), ultrassom (US), cintilografia, tomografia computadorizada (TC) e ressonância magnética (RM). Destacamos o RX por seu baixo custo e boa sensibilidade, o US pela possibilidade de guiar infiltrações terapêuticas e a RM pela possibilidade de avaliar partes moles adjacentes.

The ankle is a common site of painful symptoms in athletes and nonathletes. Posterior ankle pain can be the end result of several pathologies, and a diagnostic challenge for rheumatologists. The posterior ankle impingement syndrome, also known as os trigonum syndrome and posterior tibiotalar compression syndrome, is a clinical disorder characterized by acute or chronic posterior ankle pain triggered by forced plantar flexion, which causes chronic repetitive microtrauma. Pathology of the os trigonum-talar process is the most common cause of this syndrome, but there are other causes, such as tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus, ankle osteochondritis, subtalar joint disease, and fracture. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination, and complemented by findings on plain radiography (RX), ultrasound (US), scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is worth noting that RX has low cost and good sensitivity, US can provide guidance to therapeutic infiltrations, and MRI allows the assessment of surrounding soft tissues.

La ultrasonografía en el estudio de la patología regional de la mano y la muñeca: [revisión] / Ultrasound in the evaluation of hand and wrist disorders: [review]

La mano y la muñeca son frecuentemente implicadas en síndromes de dolor regional, inflamatorios y degenerativos. La ultrasonografía ha demostrado ser más sensible que los exámenes clínicos y de radiología convencional para la detección de sinovitis y erosiones. También ha podido revelar una participación subclínica en pacientes con artritis crónica. Las indicaciones de la ultrasonografía a nivel de la mano y la muñeca son amplias e incluyen el diagnóstico de la afección articular y el tendón, la patología de poleas, los cambios morfoestructurales a nivel del nervio mediano en el túnel carpiano; puede servir como guía para las infiltraciones, así como para la valoración del tratamiento en pacientes con artritis crónica. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar el resultado de las alteraciones más frecuentes en las que la ultrasonografía ha demostrado ser útil.

The hand and wrist are frequently involved by regional pain syndromes, inflammatory and degenerative conditions. Ultrasonography had demonstrated to be more sensitive than both clinical examination and conventional radiology for the detection of synovitis and erosions. It has also able to reveal a subclinical involvement in patients with chronic arthritis. The indications of ultrasonography at hand and wrist level is wide and include: diagnosis of joint and tendon involvement, pulleys pathology, morphostructural changes at median nerve level into to carpal tunnel, guidance for infiltrations into and treatment monitoring in patients with chronic arthritis. The aim of this review is to show the most frequent alterations in which ultrasound has proven useful.

Oral steroid therapy for frozen shoulder / Terapia de esteroides orales para el hombro congelado

BACKGROUND: Since frozen shoulder is characterized by spontaneous recovery, no precise treatment strategy exists. Both conservative therapy and arthroscopic surgery is available, but the time required for recovery varies considerably. This study looks at the possible early symptom relief with oral steroid therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 76 patients aged 33 to 73 years at the beginning of the study. The duration of the frozen shoulder was one to 15 months (mean 5.7 months) and hypertension was noted in 13 patients as a complicated disorder. A single course of steroid therapy consisted of a total dose of 105 mg of prednisolone over approximately a three-week period by the dose-tapering method. The number of courses varied with the degree of symptom relief, but the rest period between courses was always approximately four weeks. The results were assessed on the basis of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, but the principal evaluations were pain and range of motion. RESULTS: The average ranges of motion before treatment were 102.8º of forward flexion 11.3º of external rotation and internal, rotation was at the buttocks. However, after one course of treatment, forward flexion was 136º, external rotation was 33.7º, and internal rotation was limited to the buttocks in only six cases. CONCLUSION: The results of oral steroid therapy for frozen shoulder were highly satisfactory. However, sufficient care is required in explaining the method of administration and the adverse effects such as the osteonecrosis of the femoral head or osteoporosis.

ANTECEDENTES: Como que el hombro congelado se caracteriza por la recuperación espontánea, no existe una estrategia de tratamiento precisa. Tanto la terapia conservadora como la cirugía artroscópica se hallan a disposición, pero el tiempo requerido para la recuperación varía considerablemente. Este estudio echa una ojeada al posible alivio de los síntomas tempranos por medio de la terapia de esteroides orales. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Los sujetos fueron 76pacientes en edades de 33 a 73 años al comienzo del estudio. La duración del hombro congelado fue de 1 a 15 meses (promedio 5.7 meses), y se observó hipertensión en 13 pacientes como una condición co-mórbida. Un solo tratamiento con esteroides consistía en una dosis total de 105 mg de prednisolona por un período de aproximadamente tres semanas mediante el método de reducción gradual de la dosis. El número de tratamientos varió de acuerdo con el grado de alivio del síntoma, pero el período de descanso entre tratamientos fue aproximadamente de cuatro semanas. Los resultados fueron evaluados sobre la base de la puntuación establecida por la Asociación Ortopédica del Japón (JOA), y las evaluaciones principales fueron el dolor y el alcance del movimiento. RESULTADOS: El rango promedio del movimiento antes del tratamiento fue 102.8º deflexión delantera, y 11.3º de rotación externa y la rotación interna fue en las nalgas. Sin embargo, luego de un tratamiento, la flexión delantera fue 136º, la rotación externa fue 33.7º, y la rotación interna estuvo limitada a las nalgas en sólo seis casos. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados de la terapia de esteroides orales para el hombro congelado, fueron altamente satisfactorias. Sin embargo, se requiere suficiente cuidado al explicar el método de administración y los efectos adversos, tales como la osteonecrosis de la cabeza del fémur o la osteoporosis.

Common mental disorders and chronic non-communicable diseases in adults: a population-based study / Transtornos mentais comuns e enfermidades crônicas em adultos: estudo de base populacional

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted to identify the prevalence of common mental disorders and verify the association with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the self-reported number of chronic diseases. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was applied in a multi-stage random sample of 1,276 adults aged 40 and older. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and health-related variables were also obtained using a structured questionnaire. Prevalence of common mental disorders was 30.2 percent. Lower schooling and social class and the 46-55-year age bracket were associated with psychiatric morbidity. Each chronic illness was independently associated with common mental disorders. However, a stronger association was found between common mental disorders and the total number of self-reported chronic conditions, with a prevalence ratio of 4.67 (95 percentCI: 3.19-6.83) for five or more self-reported NCDs. The current study emphasizes the importance of common mental disorders in chronically ill patients, particularly in those with more total chronic conditions.

Estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido tendo como objetivos avaliar a prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns e verificar sua associação com determinadas enfermidades crônicas e com o número de doenças crônicas relatadas pelo indivíduo. Para a avaliação de transtornos mentais comuns, o Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) foi aplicado em 1.276 adultos com 40 anos ou mais. Variáveis sócio-demográficas, comportamentais e relacionadas à saúde foram obtidas por meio de um questionário estruturado. Os transtornos mentais comuns apresentaram uma prevalência de 30,2 por cento, estando associados à baixa escolaridade e classe social, e à faixa etária de 46-65 anos. Todas as doenças crônicas pesquisadas mostraram-se associadas aos transtornos mentais comuns. Entretanto, o número de enfermidades apresentadas pelo indivíduo teve maior importância do que cada uma delas individualmente, com uma razão de prevalência de 4,67 e intervalo de 95 por cento de confiança: 3,19-6,83 para cinco ou mais doenças relatadas. O presente estudo realça a importância de se atentar para os transtornos mentais em indivíduos com enfermidades crônicas, principalmente naqueles que se apresentam com um grande número de doenças.

Meningococcemia crónica / Chronic menigococcemia

La meningococcemia crónica es una forma clínica infrecuente dentro del espectro de infecciones producido por Neisseria meningitidis. Clásicamente esta forma clínica se caracteriza por fiebre, lesiones cutáneas, compromiso articular, y desarrollo en hemocultivo de la bacteria responsable, habitualmente con ausencia de compromiso meníngeo. Generalmente afecta a adultos jóvenes previamente sanos. Se desconoce la razón por la cual estos pacientes, a diferencia de los que presentan meningitis aguda por Neisseria meningitidis y meningococcemia aguda, pueden sobrevivir sin complicaciones durante semanas en ausencia de tratamiento antibiótico útil. Se ha planteado que debido a la alta sensibilidad de esta bacteria a los antibióticos beta-lactámicos, muchos casos podrían ser tratados inadvertidamente. Describimos un caso de meningococcemia crónica en una mujer joven que presenta un cuadro clásico no reconocido inicialmente.

Chronic meningococcemia is an unfrequent clinical picture within the spectrum of infections produced by Neisseria meningitidis. It is classically characterized by fever, skin lesions and joint involvement, usually without meningeal involvement, and with blood culture growth of the responsible bacteria. It generally affects previously healthy young people. It is unknown why these patients, unlike patients with Neisseria meningitidis's acute meningitis and with acute meningococcemia, can survive without complications during weeks, in abscence of an useful antibiotic treatment. It has been hypothesized that owing to high susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics of Neisseria meningitidis, many cases may be treated inadvertently. We describe a case of chronic meningococcemia in a young woman who presented a classical clinical picture, not recognized initially.

A influência das doenças crônicas na capacidade funcional dos idosos do Município de São Paulo, Brasil / The effect of chronic diseases on functional status of the elderly living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar a influência de doenças crônicas (hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, doença cardíaca, doença pulmonar, câncer e artropatia) na capacidade funcional (atividades de vida diária - AVDs - e atividades instrumentais de vida diária - AIVDs) dos idosos, controlando por idade, sexo, arranjo familiar, educação e presença de outras comorbidades. Os dados foram obtidos do Projeto SABE que inclui pessoas de 60 anos e mais, residentes no Município de São Paulo, Brasil, entre janeiro de 2000 e março de 2001. A amostra foi constituída de 1.769 idosos. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a regressão logística multinomial múltipla. Em comparação com a categoria de referência independente, as doenças que exercem uma significativa influência na categoria dependente nas AIVDs são a doença cardíaca (OR = 1,82), a artropatia (OR = 1,59), a doença pulmonar (OR = 1,50) e a hipertensão arterial (OR = 1,39). Quanto à resposta na categoria dependente nas AIVDs e AVDs, os resultados mostram que a doença pulmonar (OR = 2,58), a artropatia (OR = 2,27), a hipertensão arterial (OR = 2,13) e a doença cardíaca (OR = 2,10) demonstram um forte efeito. Os resultados são estatisticamente significativos (p < 0,05).

The main focus of this study was the effect of chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, and arthropathy) on the functional status (activities of daily living - ADL, instrumental activities of daily living - IADL) among the elderly, controlling for age, gender, living arrangements, education, and comorbidity. The analysis was based on information provided by the SABE Project, from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, including individuals 60 years of age and over (n = 1,769), from January 2000 to March 2001. A multinomial logistic regression model was used. Compared to the absence of dependency category, heart disease (OR = 1.82), arthropathy (OR = 1.59), lung disease (OR = 1.50), and hypertension (OR = 1.39) were the main diseases that affected the IADL dependency category. Lung disease (OR = 2.58), arthropathy (OR = 2.27), hypertension (OR = 2.13), and heart disease (OR = 2.10) had important impact on the IADL and ADL dependency categories. The results were statistically significant (p < 0.05).